Method and system for aggregating power outage data and utilization

ABSTRACT

Systems, devices and automated processes are provided for configuring backup battery power for RF radio operations at a base station, including a module configured to communicate with an API tool to receive a plurality of data sets using an open API format about metrics of various operating distributed power sources; a cell site module configured to monitor power usage at a cell site and to generate a series of data sets about the power usage at the cell site; an analysis module configured to correlate the plurality of data sets of the various operated distributed power sources with the series of data sets of power usage at the cell site; the analysis module to forecast a frequency and a duration of a power outage at the cell site based on metrics of correlated data of the data sets of the various operated distributed power sources and the series of data sets about power usage at the cell site; and a backup power supply configured with a capacity at the cell site based on the metrics derived from the correlated data wherein the capacity backup power supply is determined in accordance the frequency and the duration of the power outage at the cell site.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following discussion generally relates to power management inwireless communications systems. More particularly, the followingdiscussion relates to systems, devices, and automated processes tocollect data related to a network power outage and power demand by radiofrequency (RF) radios to forecast commercial power interrupts orfailures in 5G data networks for enhanced configuration of a backuppower supply (i.e., backup batteries) for use at cell sites to maintainappropriate RF radio operating loads.

BACKGROUND

Newer 5G data and telephone networks are being developed to providegreatly improved bandwidth and quality of service to mobile telephones,computers, internet-of-things (IoT) devices, and the like. As thesenewer high-bandwidth networks evolve, however, additional challenges arebeing recognized. A 5G base station is generally expected to consumeroughly three times as much power as a 4G base station. And more 5G basestations are needed to cover the same area.

Today RF radios and antennas use a fixed input power that is based onfull load RF conditions. When commercial power is interrupted, lost ordramatically reduced, the RF radio executes a backup procedure thatrelies on drawing power from a set of backup batteries. The cost of eachbattery can be high, and in many instances, the available capacity ofthe backup is not fully utilized. This is because today, there arelimited tools for forecasting the required needs based on location,usage, and length of power outages for a cell site. In other words, theRF radio is not informed nor is the RF radio configured to be informedof a likelihood of commercial power loss and therefore currentrequirements for backup batteries at a cell site are based on fixedrequirements that do not take into account current real-world data abouta power outage length, likelihood of occurrence, and actual amounts ofpower drawn at the cell site based on user traffic that will likely beoccurring.

Next-generation smart grid technology is emerging, which will result inthe integration of advanced technologies and applications for achievinga smarter infrastructure that will generate data for further analysis.The Smart grid will be characterized by a two-way flow of power in anelectrical network, and information in communication networks. That is,with the integration of advanced technologies and applications forachieving a smarter electricity grid infrastructure, data from differentapplications will be generated for further analysis. The smart grid willalso interoperability between different system components by usingapplication programming interfaces (APIs) and middleware to providecommunications with third parties not directly associated with powersystems.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (ETA) is providing tools foropen data by making access to power data available through anApplication Programming Interface (API) and other open data tools tobetter serve the public. The data in the API is also available in thebulk file, in Excel via the add-in, in Google Sheets via an add-on, andvia widgets that embed interactive data visualizations of EIA data onany website. By making EIA data available in machine-readable formats,the consumer has access to valuable public data about the domestic powergrid.

Therefore, it is desirable to better configure backup batteries at acell site based on collecting and analyzing accessible EIA data aboutpower outages, power consumption at a cell site, and the actual drawndown of power from the backup batteries.

It is desirable to configure backup batteries not only based on requiredbackup power regulations but to enable a flexible backup batteryconfiguration based on EIA data analysis that can, in turn, reduce fixedbackup battery structural costs at cell sites.

It is desirable to piggyback on the cell site communicationinfrastructure, and tie known cell site power metrics to aggregated EIAdata derived from smart grid metering and monitoring and to collect, andaggregate power usage data on a regional, local and a network basis foranalysis on cell site commercial power requirements.

It is desirable to change required levels on the input power setting ofthe RF radio in response to feedback messages and analysis of poweroutages at localized cell sites radio to reduce the operating RF radiopower consumption in tangent with the selection of the appropriatebattery configurations.

It is desirable to provide systems and methods that when the RF radio ofthe operating cell (i.e., gNB node) incurs a drop or interrupt ofcommercial power at the input to the base station appropriate selectionand configuration of available backup batteries can be made or futureforecasted in a network experiencing a power outage.

It is desirable to provide systems and method for operating managementof base stations components that enable the switching of operating loadprofiles or enabling automated systems to reconfigure component based onforecasted power outages to change the mode of operation of the RF radiotransmitter based on evaluating if a degraded RF radio service with aforecasted user base can be implemented under the current conditions.

It is therefore desirable to create systems, devices, and automatedprocesses that can monitor and forecast commercial power interrupts andfailures and allow different configurations of base station componentsto operate in the desired cell network. It is also desirable to improveconnectivity and to operate time for base station equipment operating inbackup power modes within 5G or similar networks.

Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the presentinvention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed descriptionand the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings and the foregoing technical field and background.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The exemplary embodiments will hereinafter be described in conjunctionwith the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote likeelements, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of the server network and 5G network foranalysis for backup battery selection in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of the analytics modules that collectdata via open APIs for monitoring distributed power source activities,for determining the frequency and duration and power outages, forcorrelating the power data, and for determining based on frequency,outage time, and power drawn by the 5G cell site, the appropriatecapacities and arrangements of the backup power supplies for cell sitesin accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of the backup supply with components of acell site in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary flowchart for accessing open API power data andfor forecasting power outages at cell sites and for configuring backupbatteries at cell sites in accordance with an embodiment; and

FIG. 5 is an exemplary functional diagram of the operating components ofa 5G network and UEs that send power management data for use in powermanagement and backup power configurations at a cell site in accordancewith an embodiment.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Systems, devices and automated processes are provided to reduce thepower draw of a backup power supply to a base station and cell site inresponse to a power interrupt or power loss. In an embodiment, a systemfor prolonging backup battery power for RF radio operations at a basestation is provided. The system includes a radio controller configuredto control routing of power from the backup battery; a detection unitfor determining whether a source of commercial power is about to or hasfailed; a control unit including an element management system locatedremotely to communicate with an RF radio controller, a server, androuter to change a setting of a required level to reduce the power tothe cell; a feedback mechanism responsive to the loss of power to cropthe input power; an output control unit to reduce the output power fromthe RF radio; and battery controller configured to reduce the draw onthe UPS since input power requirement is dropped.

In various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes theelement management system instructed by an automated workflow responsiveto the detected loss of power. The method further includes the elementmanagement system changing settings of components based on datacommunicated from the cell site server. The method further includes theelement management system changing settings of components of multiplecell sites based on collective data communicated by multiple cell siteservers. The method further includes the element management system vialogic monitoring the data of components on the cell site. The methodfurther includes the element management system cropping input power toindividual cell sites based on a scheduled operation to lessened effectsof node degradations to users.

In another exemplary embodiment, a computer program product tangiblyembodied in a computer-readable storage device and including a set ofinstructions that when executed by a processor perform a method for anoperational mode of a base station when a power interrupt or power lossis detected is provided. The method includes: an element managementsystem for implementing the operational mode of a radio receiver of acell or base station by an automated workflow in response to collectivedata of a network; activating the automated workflow in response tocollective data indicative of the power interrupt or the power loss to anetwork, cell site, and base station to crop input power to at least aradio receiver of the cell site and base station; communicating with theradio receiver and a server via a cell site router to exchange messagesabout requirements of components of the cell site based on currentoperating data of the cell site; reducing the output power of the radioreceiver by changing settings of cell site components to reduce amaximum radio receiver load while taking into account data indicative ofcomponent loads in the operating cell site; and reducing an amount ofpower drawn by at least one back power supply activated in response tothe power interrupt or power loss to extend an operation time of thebackup power supply.

In various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes theelement management system instructed by an automated workflow responsiveto the detected loss of power. The method further includes the elementmanagement system changing settings of components based on datacommunicated from the cell site server. The method further includes theelement management system changing settings of components of multiplecell sites based on collective data communicated by multiple cell siteservers. The method further includes the element management system vialogic monitoring the data of components on the cell site. The methodfurther includes the element management system cropping input power toindividual cell sites based on a scheduled operation to lessened effectsof node degradations to users.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, a method executed by a networkpower management system having a processor, memory, and input/outputinterfaces, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructionsstored in the memory to extend backup battery life is provided. Themethod includes an element management system for implementing theoperational mode of a radio receiver of a cell or base station by anautomated workflow in response to collective data of a network;activating the automated workflow in response to collective dataindicative of the power interrupt or the power loss to a network, cellsite, and base station to crop input power to at least a radio receiverof the cell site and base station; communicating with the radio receiverand a server via a cell site router to exchange messages aboutrequirements of components of the cell site based on current operatingdata of the cell site; reducing the output power of the radio receiverby changing settings of cell site components to reduce a maximum radioreceiver load while taking into account data indicative of componentloads in the operating cell site; and reducing an amount of power drawnby at least one back power supply activated in response to the powerinterrupt or power loss to extend an operation time of the backup powersupply.

In various exemplary embodiments, the method further includes theelement management system instructed by an automated workflow responsiveto the detected loss of power. The method further includes the elementmanagement system changing settings of components based on datacommunicated from the cell site server. The method further includes theelement management system changing settings of components of multiplecell sites based on collective data communicated by multiple cell siteservers. The method further includes the element management system vialogic monitoring the data of components on the cell site. The methodfurther includes the element management system cropping input power toindividual cell sites based on a scheduled operation to lessened effectsof node degradations to users. The method further includes the elementmanagement system including a master base station for communicating witheach based station to regulate input power in response to a power lossof the network. The method further includes the network managementsystem including a central power management system receiving collectivedata from the network for monitoring each cell site for power outages.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description is intended to provide severalexamples that will illustrate the broader concepts that are set forthherein, but it is not intended to limit the invention or the applicationand uses of the invention. Furthermore, there is no intention to bebound by any theory presented in the preceding background or thefollowing detailed description.

Smart grid operations are becoming more prevalent and the implementationof the smart grid fosters two way communication on demand responses,distributed monitoring of power sources, gathering of data of localizedpower consumption, and better data about power interruptions andbackouts.

Various terminology are used in the present application. For example, anApplication Programming Interface (“API”) is an interface that isdefined in terms of a set of functions and procedures, and enables aprogram to gain access to facilities (i.e. power source, distribution ofpower etc..) within an application. In this case, an open API can beused to gain access to data of various distributed power entities,transmission of power, and monitored data of power source operations.

Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards andprotocols to transmit data between a base transceiver station (BTS) anda wireless mobile device. The deployment of a large number of smallcells presents a need for energy efficiency power management solutionsin fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks. While massive multiple-inputmultiple outputs (MIMO) will reduce the transmission power it results innot only computational cost but for the computation required, the inputpower requirements for transmission can be a significant factor forpower energy efficiency (especially when operating in a backup mode) of5G small cell networks. In 3GPP radio access networks (RANs) in LTEsystems, the BTS can be a combination of evolved Node Bs (also commonlydenoted as enhanced Node Bs, eNodeBs, or eNBs) and Radio NetworkControllers (RNCs) in a Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network(UTRAN), which communicates with the wireless mobile device, known asuser equipment (UE). The downlink (DL) transmission can be acommunication from the BTS (or eNodeB) to the wireless mobile device (orUE), and an uplink (UL) transmission can be a communication from thewireless mobile device to the BTS.

The power consumption of base stations (BS's) is classified into threetypes, which are the transmission power, the computational power, andpower for base station operation. The transmission power is the powerused by the power amplifiers (PAs) and RF chains, which perform thewireless signals change, i.e., signal transforming between the basebandsignals and the wireless radio signals. The computation power representsthe energy consumed at baseband units (BBU' s), which includes digitalsingle processing functions, management, and control functions for BS'sand the communication functions among the core network and BSs. Allthese operations are executed by software and realized at semiconductorchips. The additional power represents the power consumed formaintaining the operation of BS's. More specifically, the additionalpower includes the power lost at the exchange from the power grid to themain supply, at the exchange between different direct current to directcurrent (DC-DC) power supply, and the power consumed for active coolingat BS's.

Power loss and outages are commonplace in networks today as a result ofnatural disasters, rolling brownouts, etc. Base stations include backuppower (e.g., batteries), these forms of backup power may not providesufficient power during lengthy power outages, use of commercialwireless communications services may increase due to users' needs and/ordesires.

Operating the BS in a sleeping mode can be a way to reduce energyconsumption in cellular networks, however, this method focuses on theoutput power and does not consider a loss or interrupt of the commercialpower on the input to the BS. Hence, queueing decision techniques for BSsleeping techniques while can maximize energy-efficient utilization ofthe BSs in a green communication network is not applicable whencommercial power is lost to the BS.

The physical or network node either represents an access node (e.g.,Radio Distributed Units) or non-access node (e.g., servers and routers),while a physical link represents an optical fiber link between twophysical nodes. Every physical node is characterized by a set ofavailable resources, namely computation (CPU), memory (RAM), andstorage, which define the load characteristics of a cell. Each physicallink is characterized by a bandwidth capacity and a latency value, whichis the time needed by a flow to traverse that link. Finally, bothphysical nodes and links have associated utilization power requirementsfor each type of available resource.

The power delivery to a BS is rectified and regulated to a nominalmeasured DC voltage 48 (i.e., voltage direct current (VDC)), which isfed to a backup battery or a set of backup batteries for charging. Therectifier unit includes circuitry to keep the batteries fully chargedand ready in case of a commercial power interrupt or failure. At fullcharge, the backup battery is kept at a voltage in the vicinity of 50volts. The battery pack parameter in general per customer's requirementis in the order or 2-hour work time under 100 W AC system, 48.1V/65 Ahbattery that can last of about 150 minutes with a full load.

There are at least two scenarios in which a power outage that affectsthe cell site and coverage area will trigger an unexpected peak intraffic demand. First, when normal activities are interrupted causedwhen a high number of UEs are engaged on the wireless network andsecond, if Wi-Fi access points aren't functioning, requiring the UEs touse the cellular networks instead.

Base stations typically use a 48V input supply that is stepped down byDC/DC converters to 24V or 12V, then further stepped down to the manysub rails ranging from 3.3V to less than 1V to power ASICs in thebaseband processing stages.

FIG. 1 is a high-level diagram of the server network and 5G network foranalysis for backup battery selection in accordance with an embodiment.In FIG. 1 there is shown an exemplary cloud network 10 that connectstogether distributed power sources 20 with various open API tools 50 foraccessing data about power operations from the distributed power sources20, and cell sites 70, servers 30, set-top box servers 40, and mobiledevices 60 in communication with the network cloud 10. The mobiledevices (UEs) 60 are also in communication with the cell sites 70 viathe 5G network 80. In other words, disparate networks of the networkcloud 10 and the 5G network 80 are connected where the cloud network 10provides a back channel communication path to the cell site 70, themobile devices 60, and the set-box servers 40. In this regard,information about the distributed power sources 20 to which the cellsites 70 receive commercial power for powering the 5G network 80 can becommunicated via the backchannel of the cloud network 10 to the set-topbox servers 40 for a display of the STB/displays 45.

FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of the analytics modules that collectdata via open APIs for monitoring distributed power source activities,for determining the frequency and duration and power outages, forcorrelating the power data, and for determining based on frequency,outage time, and power drawn by the 5G cell site, the appropriatecapacities and arrangements of the backup power supplies for cell sitesin accordance with various embodiments.

In FIG. 1, an open API type tool 20 is accessed via the cloud network(i.e., web access tool) to receive real-time data about operations ofvarious distributed power sources (in FIG. 1, 20). For example, the U.S.Energy Information Administration (EIA) provides an open API tool hourlyelectricity operating data of various distributed power sources. Thedata is collected by smart meters that monitor the electric grid powergenerated from power plants or other sources that make up the domesticelectrical grid network. The data can also include a report of actualand forecast demand, net generation, and the power flowing betweenelectric systems. The EIA's open API tool can provide real-time demanddata, plus analysis and visualizations of hourly, daily, and weeklyelectricity supply and demand on a national and regional level ofapproximately 66 electric power systems that make the domestic powergrid. The reporting data that is provided can be analyzed using variousanalytic solutions hosted by the servers (FIG. 1, 30) to provideanalytics of electric system recovery after power interruptions and tohelp evaluate the effects of renewable energy, smart grid, and demandresponse programs on power system operations. This data can facilitatemore informed analysis and policy decisions on a national and regionallevel.

In FIG. 2 the data collected via the open API tool can be assessedagainst locations of 5G network cell sites (FIG. 1, 70). For example,the collected data can be coordinated through a pipeline processingsystem to correlate to locations for commercial power supplied to eachcell site on local levels. FIG. 2 describes a series of block diagramsthat illustrate modules that compose the master power management system(FIG. 1, 30) to determine the frequency and duration of local commercialpower interrupts for cell sites.

The open API tool 210 can be programmed, or the EIA's open API tool canbe accessed. Initially, the access module 220 is registered andauthenticated to enable access to the open API tool. The access module200 can be initialized to access the open API tool 210 continuously,hourly, daily, etc.. to receive data sets of reports of distributedpower source activity in the power grid. The received data can then beformatted by a module to prioritize the data to determine the locality,frequency, and duration of a power interrupt event. In a similar,simultaneously or not, the commercial power to the cell site can beaccessed via open API tools 230 that provide data of the cell siteactivity. For example, this activity may include the number of usersaccessing the cell site, the power consumed, the slicing activity at acell site, the bandwidth parts in operation at a cell site inconjunction with the commercial power in use. The open API tool 230,when accessed, would provide reporting data or a series of data sets ofloads, load usage, duration of power interrupts, frequency of powerinterrupts at a cell site. Module 235 can be configured to implement anaccessing scheme, to access cell sites in the 5G network via an open APIto retrieve commercial power data associated with localities of eachcell site. For example, the open API tool 210 can be implemented withsetting for each cell site locality and the module 235 can use a schemawith preconfigured settings for the API tool 210 to access each cellsite locality and commercial power input to retrieve data of demands ofcommercial power in the locality of the cell site.

Also, data sets that are retrieved can include the frequency and theduration of commercial power interrupt in the locality that equates tothe power outage experienced at the cell site. In this manner, a backchannel communication path is create to monitor the commercial power,demand of the commercial power and activity of a cell site. In addition,data sets can be received from the controller of the new radio oftransmission and reception of data, as well as use of the backup powersupplies locally located. Further, the controller of the new radio atthe cell site may also receive instructions and data from a centralizedcontroller and server that aggregates data from all the cell sites andaggregate use of backup power supplies. The analysis module 240 isconfigured to analysis the data sets of the commercial power activity toequate the demand for the commercial power with the users at the cellsite, the throughput (i.e. bandwidth parts in use) in operation of theNew Radio transmitter and receiver in use, and the slice operations thatare occurring.

In addition, the demand data with the outage date, can be analyzed toforecast outages such as rolling blackouts and other power events basedon the localized data. The correlation module 250 correlated the datasets of power outages and other activity retrieved in communication withthe broader use (i.e., the power grid) of the open API tool 210 to thelocal power availability at the cell site and aggregated cell site datato make determinations associated with forecasting power outages at thecell site, and availability of power in response to demand. Thereporting module 255 reports the power activity at the cell site in the5G network and forecasts the frequency and duration of power outages.The backup power supply determination module 260 determines based on thereported data, the requirements for backup power supplies at each cellsite, and the shifting of resources to maintain adequate powerconsumption at a cell site.

In various exemplary embodiments, it should be noted that based on thederived open API power data, the demand realized for electricity candiffer from the day-ahead forecast and can vary within the hour. As anexample, power management systems balance power source generations tomatch real-time demand; in this case the real-time demand at variouscell sites. The alternating current (AC) power system or commercialpower input to a cell site is designed to operate at a frequency of 60cycles per second, or 60 Hertz. If supply and demand fall out ofbalance, the AC frequency will increase or decrease, a condition thatcan cause system components and consumer equipment to fail. To preventpermanent damage, the power system is designed to isolate any problemand prevent an imbalance can result in a widespread blackout.

When actual demand significantly exceeds forecasted levels, balancingauthorities call upon generating capacity held in reserve. This canindicate that the electric system is under stress. However, when actualdemand is significantly lower than forecast demand, the system hasover-committed generation capacity. Daily load shapes vary by region,climate, and time (daily, monthly, seasonally).

In various exemplary embodiments, the cell site in the 5G network ismonitored for power consumption by a centralized monitor. The cell sitesmonitored data are coordinated with the power data from the regionalpower sources so that cells sites at particular regions are associatedwith the power regionally and locally supplied. That is, the power datais compared to the cell site data for interruptions in the network. Thisdata is collated so that usage and the outages at cell sites and regionscan be compared, and aggregated over a period of time. Based on theoutages, and comparisons, optimum backup battery sets are selected ateach cell site to maintain the power at the required levels forforecasted power outages and also taking into account the frequency ofthe outages.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the backup supply of a cell site in accordancewith an embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a graphical representation of a 5G orother data network 300 that includes multiple cells 321, 322, 323 thatprovide access to a network 305 for any number of UE devices 310.Although FIG. 3 shows only one user equipment (UE) device 310 forsimplicity, in practice the concepts described herein may be scaled tosupport environments 300 that include any number of devices 310 and/orcells 321-323, as well as any sort of network architecture for assigningbandwidth to different slices and performing other tasks, as desired.

In the example of FIG. 3, a mobile telephone or other user equipment(UE) device 310 suitably attempts to connect to network 305 via anappropriate access cell 321, 322, 323. In the illustrated example, eachcell 321 includes the components for transmission of a base stationcontroller 331, a base station transceiver 338, a node 340, an RF Radio335, a Radio Network controller 342; the linking components of theantenna interface 332 and the antenna 333; and the power components ofthe commercial power interface 350, the backup power supply 352 of abattery circuitry 354 and UPS or batteries 356.

The commercial power interface 350 may receive power AC power from apublic utility or other sources. The antenna 333 and antenna interface332 control the signal to the UEs 310. The radio network controller 342can control the RF transmit output via the RF radio 335 to conservepower usage to reduce the power draw on the USP 356. By reducing thecommunication bit rate, the RF power can be reduced in decibels (“dB”).Additionally, step reductions can be implemented. The battery circuit354 can be configured as a rectifier type switch that can switch theoutput power from the UPS 356 at multiple levels. The Base Stationcontroller 338 can include power control features to control the powerdrawn by the base station 338. Additionally, the base station controller338 can communicate wirelessly with a master power management system 370that communicates with open API tools of the smart power grid, andvarious element management systems and can confirm the AC power outageor interrupt on the front end to change the power input power levels ofmultiple small cells 321, 322, and 323, and a number of UEs 310connected to the Node 340 and resources in a slice of a node (gNB).

In an exemplary embodiment, UEs 310 can be configured with a maximum of4 BWP for Downlink and Uplink, but at a given point of time, only oneBWP is active for downlink and one for uplink. The BWPs can beconfigured to enable each of the UEs 310 to operate in a narrowbandwidth, and when the user demands more data (bursty traffic), it caninform gNB to enable full bandwidth. When gNB configures a BWP, itincludes parameters: BWP Numerology (u) BWP bandwidth size Frequencylocation (NR-ARFCN), CORESET (Control Resource Set). For the downlink,the UE is not expected to receive PDSCH, PDCCH, CSI-RS, or TRS outsidean active bandwidth part. For the uplink, UE 310 shall not transmitPUSCH or PUCCH outside an active bandwidth part. UEs 310 are expected toreceive and transmit only within the frequency range configured for theactive BWPs with the associated numerologies. However, there areexceptions; a UE may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurementor transmit sounding reference signal (SRS) outside of its active BWPvia measurement gap

In an exemplary embodiment, the radio network controller 331 canimplement logic is implemented with computer-executable instructionsstored in a memory, hard drive, or other non-transitory storage ofdevice for execution by a processor contained within. Also, the radionetwork controller 331 can be configured with a remote radio unit (RRU)360 for downlink and uplink channel processing. The RRU 360 can beconfigured to communicate with a baseband unit (BBU) 339 of a basestation controller 331 via a physical communication link and communicatewith a wireless mobile device via an air interface.

In various alternate embodiments, the base station 338 can be separatedinto two parts, the Baseband Unit (BBU) 339 and the Remote Radio Head(RRH) 341, that provides network operators to maintain or increase thenumber of network access points (RRHs) for the node (gNB), whilecentralizing the baseband processing functions at a master base station375. Using a master C-RAN base station 375, the master power managementsystem, 370, can be instructed to coordinate operations in the tangentof power levels of multiple cells (321, 322, and 323). The master powermanagement system 370 can receive open API data, correlate open API datawith operating power data aggregated for multiple cell sites toconfigure battery arrangement when there is a power outage at a cellsite, and to adapt power usage to configured batteries at cell site inaccordance with forecasted power outages, frequencies of power outagesand durations of power outages.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary flowchart for accessing open API power data andfor forecasting power outages at cell sites and for configuring backupbatteries at cell sites in accordance with an embodiment. In FIG. 4, attask 405 a central power management module in communication with thecell site initializes an open API tool to receive power data about thepower grid and requests data set of real-time data of power demand,power supplied and power outages in regions, localities, and areasrelated to cell site operations. At task 410, the central powermanagement system can request via an API data tool to receive power dataabout power demand, power operations, and power outages throughout asmart grid. In conjunction, at task 420, the central power managementsystem can receive operating power data of a cell site and, throughbackchannel communications via an element management system, receiveoperating power data of the 5G network. Further, at task 420, thecentral power management system can aggregate the operating power dataamong the cell sites based on power events that include durations ofpower outages, frequency of power outages, and likelihood-basedon-demand at cell sites of power interruptions. At task 430, the powergrid data received from the open API tool can be correlated with theaggregated cell site data based on the frequency and duration of poweroutages. At task 440, the aggregated power data for the cell sites canbe analyzed to forecast demand, usage, outages, and other metrics atcell sites in the 5G network. At task 450, the backup power supplies canbe selected based on the reported aggregated or forecasted poweroutages, frequency, and duration of power outages. At task 460, the cellsite operations can be adjusted via instructions from the central powermanagement system in line with the configured backup batteryconfigurations. For example, slice operations or bandwidth parts can bechanged to better align with the selected battery configuration forforecasted power outages based on the derived and analyzed power data.

In an exemplary embodiment, the central power management system caninstruct element management systems at the cell site to prevent trafficcongestion and dropped calls by implementing collective schedulingbetween multiple cells in the case of reducing power availability due toan interruption in commercial power.

For example, for power saving when using backup batteries, channels isused at a cell can be cutoff which in turn causes less traffic andrequires a lower power level or a change in the operating settings ofcertain beam sets at the cell site that is more consistent with certainbattery selections. The signal to noise ratios can be changed or theuser can be shifted over to different beam frequencies for powersavings. In addition, by identifying decreases in channel data rates,coordinated control of the power supplied to particular beams can beadjusted while at the same time maintaining a certain level of beamefficacy for a backup battery configuration. Hence, the dynamicconfigured setting for power supplied for beam configurations used forUL and DL transmissions at the cell site can be designed to maintaincurrent levels of beam signals across the cell site while reducing powerconsumed at cell sites of the network in coordinated with derived powerdata about power outages and forecasted power events.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary functional diagram of the operating components ofa 5G network and UEs that send power management data for use in powermanagement and backup power configurations at a cell site in accordancewith an embodiment. The UE 510 includes a processor 515 for performingvarious logic solution functions for registering and receiving broadcastsystem information, initiating PDU sessions performing cell selectionsand reselections, ranking neighboring cells, configuring different modesof operation of the UE, etc... for use in particular backup batteryconfigurations. The UE 510 may include a cell selection module 525,input/output interfaces 505, memory 530 for storing power data reports,rankings data of neighboring cells, and instruction module 535 forcalculating by various solutions and other criteria about power data atneighboring cells, etc.. and for accessing cells within the vicinity forthe premium and non-premium users. The network 640 (i.e., 5G network)may include a base station 575, processor 545 for registering UE forslice access, scheduling units 555, broadcast module 548 forbroadcasting slice ID, slice offset values for neighboring cells andother system information, authentication module 550 for authenticating aUE, network slices 570, etc.. and a BW adaptation module 560. The UE 510communicates with the network and reads broadcasted system informationat a cell 510 in which the UE 510 is camped in an idle mode. Forexample, if the UE 510 is camped at a cell A, then the UE 510 wouldreceive slice IDs and slice offset values for neighboring cells of cellA via the transceiver 520 and process the information via the processor515 to perform measurements and calculate using cell reselectionequations of the cell selection module 525 (e.g., using a cellreselection logic or process) to select a next cell where the cellselection process is based on a ranking of the neighboring cells.

The scheduling unit 555 can communicate with a control unit 557, and aBW adaptation module 560, etc. . . . via element management systems(EMS) 590 (i.e., or alternate control units) to direct various logiccomponents in channel power management and the control unit 557 intraffic shaping and beam management. In addition, the control unit 557with the scheduling unit 555 can perform actions for allocatingchannels, allocating beams, filtering network traffic, allocating slots,mini-slots and setting mini-slot configuration periods across channelsby managing a set of frequency settings by an automated workflow of thecell 610 of the parts (shown in FIG. 3) of the radio receiver, the UPS,battery circuit (i.e., DC power supply), the cell site(i.e., node)calls/dropped calls/throughput in operation, the server. The EMS 590monitors via the distribution units (DUs) 630 and the central units(CUs) 640 the various nodes and cells in the network and commercialpower supplied and controls or send instructions to the variouscomponents of the cell 610 to maintain the quality of service (QoS) ofthe cell site with the backup power supplies when there is a poweroutage. The automated workflow maintains the network availability andmonitors the status of network devices, including the commercial powersupplied to the network. The EMS 590 can also be connected to multipleeNodeB for power management. When an AC power outage in the networkoccurs, the automated workflow which is monitoring the network for poweroutages instructs the EMS 590 via various logic components to reduce theoutput power of the radio receiver and also takes into account otherfactors by communicating with the radio receiver, cell site via a router(or another communication link) connected to the server 620 in reducingthe output power for transmission. This, in turn, reduces the DC powerand the draw on the UPS.

In an exemplary embodiment, the server 620 can be configured as NB-IoTServer is a software for data collection and monitoring andcommunicating via the router for activating the automated workflow viathe EMS 590 and can display the log messages of each base station andthe survival status of all sessions (including information such assignal, power, etc.).

After the detection of an interrupt of the commercial power, powerfailure, power loss, and/or AC power outage of the network, theautomated workflow, which is monitoring the components and the network,detects the change and the power loss. The automated workflow inresponse to the detected power loss implements the configurationmanagement functions via the scheduling unit 555 for mini-slotallocations and frequency settings, the BW adaptation module 560 ofslice assignments, and available BWPs at the cell 610. The EMS 590communicates with the radio receiver, the server 620 (i.e. hosting powermanagement data sets), and other components associated with the cellsite, to send messages via the cell site router to receiver collect cellstatistics, and to execute appropriate plug and play functionality ofthe base station radio receiver. The automated workflow executes variousfunctions to the element management system based on decisions from theBW adaptation module 560 and data from the cell site and base station.

As described, a data networking system includes several data processingcomponents, each of which is patentable, and/or have patentable aspects,and/or having processing hardware capable of performing automatedprocesses that are patentable. This document is not intended to limitthe scope of any claims or inventions in any way, and the variouscomponents and aspects of the system described herein may be separatelyimplemented apart from the other aspects.

1. A system for determining backup battery power for RF radio operationsat a base station, comprising: a module configured to communicate withan API tool to receive a plurality of data sets using an open API formatabout metrics of various operating distributed power sources; a cellsite module configured to monitor power usage at a cell site and togenerate a series of data sets about the power usage at the cell site;an analysis module configured to correlate the plurality of data sets ofthe various operated distributed power sources with the series of datasets of power usage at the cell site; the analysis module to forecast afrequency and a duration of a power outage at the cell site based onmetrics of correlated data of the data sets of the various operateddistributed power sources and the series of data sets about power usageat the cell site; and a backup power supply configured with a capacityat the cell site based on the metrics derived from the correlated datawherein the capacity backup power supply is determined in accordancewith the frequency and the duration of the power outage at the cellsite.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: the capacity of thebackup power supply determined in accordance with operations of abattery controller to reduce the draw on the backup power supplyresponsive to a detected power loss.
 3. The system of claim 2, furthercomprising: an element management system instructed to change settingsof components based on data communicated from the cell site server. 4.The system of claim 3, further comprising: the element management systeminstructed to change settings of components of multiple cell sites basedon collective data communicated by multiple cell site servers.
 5. Thesystem of claim 4, further comprising: the element management system vialogic monitoring data of components on the cell site.
 6. The system ofclaim 5, further comprising; the element management system is croppinginput power to individual cell sites based on a scheduled operation tolessened effects of node degradations to users.
 7. A computer programproduct tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage device andcomprising a set of instructions that when executed by a processorperform a method for an operational mode of a base station when a powerinterrupt or power loss is detected, the method comprising:communicating with an API tool to receive a plurality of data sets usingan open API format about metrics of various operating distributed powersources; monitoring power usage at a cell site and to generate a seriesof data sets about the power usage at the cell site; correlating theplurality of data sets of the various operated distributed power sourceswith the series of data sets of power usage at the cell site;forecasting a frequency and a duration of a power outage at the cellsite based on metrics of correlated data of the data sets of the variousoperated distributed power sources and the series of data sets aboutpower usage at the cell site; and configuring a backup power supply witha capacity at the cell site based on the metrics derived from thecorrelated data wherein the capacity backup power supply is determinedin accordance with the frequency and the duration of the power outage atthe cell site.
 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:communicating with a radio receiver and a server via a cell site routerto exchange messages about power requirements of components of the cellsite based on forecasted power operating data of the cell site.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, further comprising: reducing an amount of power drawnby at least one back power supply activated in response to a powerinterrupt or power loss to extend an operation time of a backup powersupply.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: reducing outputpower of the radio receiver by changing settings of cell site componentsto reduce a maximum radio receiver load while taking into account powerdemand data indicative of component loads in an operating cell site. 11.The method of claim 10, further comprising: monitoring by elementmanagement system via logic, the power data of components on the cellsite.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising; changing by theelement management system settings of components of multiple cell sitesbased on aggregated data communicated by multiple cell site serversabout availability of power.
 13. A method executed by a network powermanagement system having a processor, memory, and input/outputinterfaces, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructionsstored in the memory to manage backup battery life, the methodcomprising: implementing the operational mode of a radio receiver of acell or base station by an automated workflow in response to aggregateddata of a network; communicating with an API tool to receive a pluralityof data sets using an open API format about metrics of various operatingdistributed power sources; monitoring power usage at a cell site and togenerate a series of data sets about the power usage at the cell site;correlating the plurality of data sets of the various operateddistributed power sources with the series of data sets of power usage atthe cell site; forecasting a frequency and a duration of a power outageat the cell site based on metrics of correlated data of the data sets ofthe various operated distributed power sources and the series of datasets about power usage at the cell site; and configuring a backup powersupply with a capacity at the cell site based on the metrics derivedfrom the correlated data wherein the capacity backup power supply isdetermined in accordance the frequency and the duration of the poweroutage at the cell site. activating the automated workflow in responseto aggregated power data indicative of a power loss to a network, cellsite, and base station to crop input power to at least a radio receiverof the cell site and base station;
 14. The method of claim 13, furthercomprising: communicating with the radio receiver and a server via acell site router to exchange messages about requirements of componentsof the cell site based on current operating data of the cell site;reducing an output power of the radio receiver by changing settings ofcell site components to reduce a maximum radio receiver load whiletaking into account data indicative of component loads in an operatingcell site; and reducing an amount of power drawn by at least one backpower supply activated in response to the power interrupt or power lossto extend an operation time of a backup power supply. instructing by theelement management system an automated workflow responsive to a detectedloss of power.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: changingby the element management system settings of components based onaggregated power data communicated from the cell site server.
 16. Themethod of claim 15, further comprising: changing by the elementmanagement system settings of components of multiple cell sites based oncollective data communicated by multiple cell site servers.
 17. Themethod of claim 16, further comprising: monitoring by the elementmanagement system via logic the data of components on the cell site. 18.The method of claim 17, further comprising; cropping by the elementmanagement system input power to individual cell sites based on ascheduled operation to lessened effects of node degradations to users.19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: configuring the elementmanagement system to comprise a master power management station forcommunicating with each based station to regulate input power inresponse to a power loss of the network.
 20. The method of claim 19,further comprising: configuring the network management system tocomprise a central power management system receiving collective datafrom the network for monitoring each cell site for power outages.